Policy Papers

Only if there is a fundamental change in the way we manage land can we reach the targets of climate-change mitigation, avert the dramatic loss of biodiversity and make the global food system sustainable. The WBGU proposes five multiple-benefit strategies illustrating ways of overcoming competition between rival claims to the use of land. These should be promoted by five governance strategies, especially by setting suitable framework conditions, reorienting EU policy and establishing alliances of like-minded states. 

The English long version of the report will be available mid 2021.

Digitalization has been accompanied by ever increasing energy and resource consumption, as well as global production and consumption patterns that place an even greater burden on ecosystems. Technical innovation surges do not automatically translate into sustainability transformations, but must be closely coupled with sustainability guidelines and policies.

Digital change needs to be actively shaped to ensure sustainable futures. In analogue haptics and with creative illustrations, this special fact sheet provides incisive entry points to the sustainable shaping of the digital age.

This factsheet summarizes the core messages of the flagship report ‘Our Common Digital Future’. The report makes it clear that sustainability strategies and concepts must be fundamentally further developed in the Digital Age.

Germany should build upon the Green Deal announced by EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and work towards a close integration of digital change and sustainability. To this end the WBGU presents cornerstones of a European way to a common digital future. 

A major technical revolution is underway. Who gives it direction and purpose? Which goals does it serve? This is an invitation.

Up to now, hopes that digitalization would make a contribution to achieving the goals of the 2030 Agenda has not materialized. Only if digital change and Sustainability are constructively interlinked can we make progress with environmental protection, climate-change mitigation and human development.

Climate policy can only be successful if it is designed in a just way. This means that the urgency of climate action must be taken seriously and that the interests of all the people affected – both people harmed by climate change and those affected by the structural change necessary for climate-change mitigation – must be given equal weight.

A major technical revolution is underway. How will it change the coexistence of humankind on this planet? What goals will it serve? What opportunities and risks does it involve? Who will gain or lose power in its wake? How can it be used to solve humankind’s great challenges?

The New Urban Agenda (NUA) adopted in 2016 at the Habitat III Conference (the third United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development) is to serve as a framework for global urban development over the next twenty years. The conference offered the first chance to transfer these sustainability and legally- binding climatemitigation goals to the level of the cities.

In its report‚ Humanity on the move: Unlocking the transformative power of cities (2016), the WBGU examines the transformation of cities towards sustainability.

From 17-20 October 2016, government representatives from all over the world will gather for the “United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development – Habitat III”, in Quito, Ecuador.

G20 countries are responsible for 82% of CO₂ emissions from fossil fuels, so the G20, with its formative influence on the world’s economy and politics, must play a leading role in implementing the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement.

The momentum of urbanization and its impacts are so massive that we must face up to this trend.

The future of our civilization will be decided in the cities. The internationally agreed Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations and the Paris Agreement on climate change can only be achieved if we design sustainable and liveable cities across the globe.

The year 2015 has special importance for the transformation towards sustainable ­development. New Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are then supposed to ­replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The aim is to offer a new orientation for political action in the coming decades.

The 5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) makes it unmistakeably clear: unacceptable climatic consequences, which are likely to escalate beyond the 2°C guard rail, can only be avoided if further increases in greenhouse-gas concentrations are halted as soon as possible.

The oceans are part of the common heritage of mankind and should, in the long term, be granted this status under international law. This would give them better protection and ensure that they are managed in a sustainable way.

A comic explains the WBGU flagship report „World in Transition – A Social Contract for Sustainability“. Climate change, the Anthropocene, rising CO2 levels, the Earth Summit in Rio, wind turbines, combined heat and power generation, desertification, biodiversity loss, Germany's Renewable Energy Act, pioneers of change – what do all these terms mean exactly and how are they all linked? This comic offers answers.

The world faces the challenge of a global transformation to sustainable energy systems. Substantial up-front investments are needed to improve energy efficiency and switch to renewable energies. At the same time, these investments offer great opportunities, because strategic innovations can be triggered and new markets can develop in the course of the transformation process.

The transformation towards a sustainable, low-carbon society is a societal search process (Factsheet 4/2011).

In its flagship report ‘World in Transition – A Social Contract for Sustainability’, the German ­Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU) spells out the urgent need for, and the benefits of, a transformation towards sustainability.

In this report, the WBGU explains the reasons for the desperate need for a post-fossil economic strategy, yet it also concludes that the transition to sustainability is achievable, and presents ten concrete packages of measures to accelerate the imperative restructuring.

Humankind has become a dominant factor within the Earth System. Indeed, some researchers have coined the term Anthropocene (‘The Age of Man’).

In its flagship report ‘World in Transition – A Social Contract for Sustainability’ (2011), the German Advisory Council on ­Global Change (WBGU) shows that a global transformation of energy systems which gives all the world’s people access to modern energy services while limiting human-induced warming to 2°C is technically feasible and economically viable.

The social contract for the transformation to a sustainable society proposed by the German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU) combines responsibility towards future generations with a culture of democratic participation.

International climate policy post-Copenhagen is in crisis. There is currently no prospect of the comprehensive and binding UN climate treaty – the outcome hoped for at the 2009 UN Climate Change Conference – being achieved within the foreseeable future.

The German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU) has developed an innovative approach to solving the problem of climate change.

The effects of climate change are already noticeable in every part of the world, and they will increase further.

At their meeting in the Italian city of L’Aquila in July 2009, the heads of state and government of the G8 countries and the Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate (MEF), whose members include India, Brazil and China, acknowledged the importance that global warming must not exceed the 2°C guard rail if dangerous climate change is to be avoided.

Bioenergy, and biofuels in particular, are emerging from a turbulent past. “Food or fuel” is a frequent slogan. But wholesale acceptance or rejection of bioenergy is not an appropriate response.

Use should be made of the sustainable potential of bioenergy which can be tapped all over the world, provided that risks to sustainability are excluded. In particular, the use of bioenergy must not endanger food security or the goals of nature conservation and climate change mitigation.

Without resolute counteraction, climate change will overstretch many societies’ adaptive capacities within the coming decades. This could result in destabilization and violence, jeopardizing national and international security to a new degree.

If dangerous climate change is still to be avoided, a reversal of current trends must be achieved within the next ten years, and greenhouse gas emissions worldwide must be halved by 2050 compared with a 1990 baseline.

Latest research findings show that failure to check mankind’s emissions of carbon dioxide will have severe consequences for the world’s oceans.

The Millennium + 5 Summit will review progress towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and take stock of the United Nations' capacity to act.

At the start of the 21st century, fighting poverty and protecting the environment are two of the most urgent challenges facing the international community. Narrowing the massive disparities in the satisfaction of basic needs and distribution of prosperity must be a primary objective.

Energy is a key theme for future world development. Worldwide energy demand is mounting rapidly, particularly in the developing and newly industrializing countries, which seek to catch up with the level of economic development attained by industrialized countries.

Global climate change is a threat that is already having initial tangible impacts upon humankind and nature today.

The report underscores the urgent need to transform global energy systems so that the world’s population has access to energy based on renewable sources.

Global common resources like international airspace and the high seas are in danger of overexploitation because the users need not bear the full social costs of their actions.

In the run-up to the United Nations International Conference on Financing for Development (UNFfD) due in March 2002 and the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) due in September 2002, the question of how to finance global sustainability policy is moving to the centre of attention.

Johannesburg in South Africa is a symbolically important venue for the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD). 

Today, more than 900 bi- and multilateral environmental treaties are in force. Nonetheless, the most pressing problems of global change remain unresolved, some are even intensifying. The international institutional and organizational architecture has proven too weak to provide effective and efficient responses to these challenges.

Biodiversity - the planet's natural capital - is undergoing a dramatic collapse: its 'Sixth Extinction'.

Should people be allowed to do everything they want? Should humankind be allowed to use nature and the environment completely for its own ends?

Global risk potentials and their interplay with economic, social and ecological processes of change have emerged as a challenge to the international community.

The Kyoto-Protocol to the United Nations Fraemwork Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which was adopted in December 1997 in Kyoto, contains, for the first time, quantified, legally binding commitments to limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions by industrialized countries.

This statement is issued by the German Advisory Council on Global Change on the occasion of the Third Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (the Climate Convention, FCCC), and contains recommendations on the commitments to be agreed upon in a protocol to the Convention.

The global water crisis is expected to become more severe in the near future. 

Development and environment problems have reached such alarming proportions that the very survival of humanity is now subject to critical and unprecedented threats. So far, the scientific community has failed to deliver strategic responses adequate to this situation.

At the first Conference of the Parties of the Climate Convention in Berlin in spring 1995 it became evident once again: To counteract anthropogenic climate changes individuals as well as societies have to change their way of thinking and behavior. 

On the occasion of the First Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention on Climate Change, the German Advisory Council on Global Change submits the following statement on global CO2 reduction targets and implementation strategies.

Soils form an essential basis for humanity, but have received too little attention to date.

Environmental problems are becoming increasingly global in nature and will worsen considerably in coming years unless steps are taken to counteract this development.

How can we make global development possible without compromising our natural life-support systems, and which forms of damage must be avoided? The WBGU defined "planetary guard rails" which help to keep such existential damage at bay. This short film explains  the concept of guardrails.